Tranexamic acid
INCI Tranexamic Acid
A synthetic amino-acid derivative used topically at 2–5% for a more even-looking tone, especially the look of sun-triggered dark patches.
- Typical use range
- 2–5% per the literature, not our formula
- Also known as
- TXA, trans-4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
- Identifiers
- PubChem CID 5526
Tranexamic acid is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine. It has a long history in medicine as an oral and injectable agent, but in skincare it is used topically, at low percentages, for an entirely cosmetic purpose: a more even-looking tone.
The proposed mechanism is indirect. UV exposure prompts surface skin cells to release signals, including plasmin-related activity, that stimulate pigment production in melanocytes. Tranexamic acid interferes with that signalling pathway, so the message to make more pigment is quieter. This is why it is usually paired with daily sunscreen and with ingredients that act on later steps of the same process, such as niacinamide.
Topical studies generally use 2–5% over 8–12 weeks. It is non-acidic, non-exfoliating and generally well tolerated, including on sensitive skin. Results build slowly, and the ingredient works best as part of a consistent routine rather than a short course.
Where you will find it.
Percentages are read from each product's stated active complex. Where none is stated the ingredient appears in the full INCI only.
How is topical tranexamic acid different from the tablet?
Entirely different use and dose. Topical use at 2–5% stays in the skin and is a cosmetic ingredient. Oral tranexamic acid is a prescription medicine and is not what this page describes.
Does it exfoliate or sting?
No. It is not an acid in the exfoliating sense and has a neutral feel. Most people can use it morning and evening.
What should I pair it with?
Daily broad-spectrum sunscreen first. Niacinamide and potassium azeloyl diglycinate act on different steps of the same pathway and layer well with it.
- CosIng, Tranexamic Acid (EU cosmetic ingredient database) ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/
- PubChem, Tranexamic acid (CID 5526) pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5526
- Taraz M, Niknam S, Ehsani AH. Tranexamic acid in treatment of melasma: a comprehensive review of clinical studies. Dermatol Ther. 2017;30(3).