Every ingredient, explained.
Every ingredient in our formulas, by INCI name: what it does, the range the literature supports, the evidence tier we assign it, and where it appears in what we sell. No proprietary blends, nothing hidden.
01 entry
Cited, current. Updated 16 September 2026
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Panthenol (provitamin B5)
INCI: Panthenol
Provitamin B5. A humectant and emollient that helps the skin hold water and feel comfortable, especially alongside exfoliating acids.
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Potassium azeloyl diglycinate
A water-soluble derivative of azelaic acid. Chosen for a more even-looking tone, a matter finish on oily zones and a gentler feel than azelaic acid itself.
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Salicylic acid (encapsulated)
INCI: Salicylic Acid
The oil-soluble beta hydroxy acid. Works inside the pore lining to keep pores clear-looking; encapsulation slows its release for a gentler feel.
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Sodium hyaluronate (hyaluronic acid)
INCI: Sodium Hyaluronate
The salt form of hyaluronic acid. A humectant that binds many times its weight in water for plumper-looking, hydrated skin.
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Tinosorb M (bisoctrizole)
INCI: Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol
A hybrid UV filter: micro-fine particles that absorb, scatter and reflect UVB and UVA. Photostable and water-dispersed. Permitted in the EU at up to 10%.
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Tinosorb S (bemotrizinol)
INCI: Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine
A broad-spectrum, highly photostable UV filter covering UVB and UVA that also stabilises other filters. Permitted in the EU at up to 10%.
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Tranexamic acid
A synthetic amino-acid derivative used topically at 2–5% for a more even-looking tone, especially the look of sun-triggered dark patches.
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Typical ranges are what the published literature supports, not what we put in a bottle. The percentage in each of our formulas is stated on the product page and repeated on the ingredient's own entry, computed from the same data. Evidence tiers say where the support comes from: literature, supplier data, our own testing, or a finished-product study.
See the formulas